If your health care provider thinks ADPKD may be causing your symptoms, he or she may want you to have one or more of the following tests:. The imaging tests may be done to look for visible signs of cysts in your kidneys. The genetic tests can tell your doctor exactly what kind of PKD you have or if you are likely to develop the disease in the future.
It can take months to get the results of genetic tests. People with autosomal dominant PKD commonly have kidney pain and high blood pressure. For more information, click here. Talk to your doctor about the best ways to manage your condition. In this case, however, a child may be born with the disease only if both parents are carriers of the gene that causes it.
A carrier is someone who has the gene, but does not have the disease. The child has a 1 in 2 50 percent chance of being a carrier of the gene that causes ARPKD and a 1 in 4 25 percent chance of neither having the disease nor being a carrier of the gene.
The disease usually does not affect every generation of a family. Testing can be done using a sample of your blood or saliva. The test looks for a specific gene called PKHD1. Pregnant women receiving prenatal care have regular ultrasounds. Some babies with ARPKD have badly damaged kidneys, even before birth, and their kidneys cannot make enough amniotic fluid. In the most severe cases, you may need a liver transplant. Because the hormone estrogen may affect liver cyst growth, women are more likely to have liver cysts than men.
Pancreatic cysts. PKD can also cause cysts in your pancreas. Pancreatic cysts rarely cause pancreatitis , which is inflammation, or swelling, of the pancreas. Diverticula are small pouches, or sacs, that push through weak spots in your colon wall.
Diverticula can cause diverticulosis. Diverticulosis can cause changes in your bowel movement patterns or pain in your abdomen. Urinary tract infections UTIs. Kidney cysts can block urine flow through the kidneys so that urine stays in your urinary tract too long.
When urine stays in your urinary tract too long, bacteria in your urine can cause a bladder infection or a kidney infection. A kidney infection can cause further damage to your kidneys by causing cysts to become infected.
Kidney stones. Kidney stones can block urine flow and cause infection and pain. Although most women with PKD have normal pregnancies, women with PKD who have high blood pressure and decreased kidney function are more likely to have preeclampsia , or high blood pressure during pregnancy.
With preeclampsia, the fetus gets less oxygen and fewer nutrients. Women with preeclampsia should be followed closely by their health care provider during and after pregnancy.
After delivery, preeclampsia goes away. Many men with ADPKD have cysts on their seminal vesicles, which are glands in the male reproductive system that help produce semen.
Seminal vesicle cysts rarely cause infertility. People with PKD who are considering having children may want to discuss family planning concerns with a genetics counselor.
For this reason, you should meet with a health care provider if you are at risk for PKD before your symptoms start. The most common symptoms are pain in the back and sides, between the ribs and hips, and headaches. The pain can be short term or ongoing, mild or severe. If you have hematuria, see a health care provider right away. Polycystic kidney disease PKD is a rare genetic disorder.
It causes many cysts filled with fluid to grow in the kidneys. PKD cysts can impair how the kidneys work. It can lead to kidney failure. PKD is the fourth leading cause of kidney failure.
People with PKD can also have cysts in the liver and problems in other organs, such as the heart and blood vessels in the brain. Both males and females are equally affected. ADPKD is often diagnosed in adulthood. However, early detection and treatment can reduce or prevent some of the complications of PKD. Common complications and their treatments include:.
Clinical trials have begun in Australia to test medication that alters the production of fluid by the kidney and appears to slow down cyst formation. Your kidney specialist can keep you updated on new treatments and whether they are right for you. Your doctor or healthcare professional will discuss best healthcare choices in managing this condition.
Be guided by your doctor. Self-care suggestions for PKD generally include:. This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:.
The characteristic features of Angelman syndrome are not always obvious at birth, but develop during childhood. Bedwetting is a problem for many children and punishing them for it will only add to their distress.
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